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Beginning Linux

Neil Schneider, James (Jim) G. Sack, Chris K. Young, Dave Kaupp, Sang Woo Kang

Copyright September 2003

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• Contents
• 1. Basic Linux Commands and Usage
  • 1.1 Getting into the system.
    • 1.1.0.1 Adding users
    • 1.1.0.2 Setting and changing a password.
    • 1.1.0.3 Logging out
    • 1.1.0.4 Virtual Consoles
  • 1.2 File System
  • 1.3 Commands
    • 1.3.1 What is a command?
    • 1.3.2 Arguments to Commands
  • 1.4 Man Pages
    • 1.4.1 pwd
    • 1.4.2 mkdir
    • 1.4.3 cat
    • 1.4.4 cd
    • 1.4.5 chmod
    • 1.4.6 chown
    • 1.4.7 cp
    • 1.4.8 df
    • 1.4.9 du
    • 1.4.10 head
    • 1.4.11 less
    • 1.4.12 locate
    • 1.4.13 ls
    • 1.4.14 man
    • 1.4.15 more
    • 1.4.16 mv
    • 1.4.17 ps
    • 1.4.18 rm
    • 1.4.19 rmdir
    • 1.4.20 shutdown
    • 1.4.21 su
    • 1.4.22 tail
    • 1.4.23 tar
    • 1.4.24 which
  • 1.5 Shortcuts
    • 1.5.1 Tab Completion
    • 1.5.2 Filename Expansion
    • 1.5.3 Redirection
    • 1.5.4 1.5.4 Connecting with Pipes
  • 1.6 bash Environment
  • 1.7 A Few Words About $PATH
  • 1.8 File and Directory Ownership and Permissions
    • 1.8.1 1.8.1 Changing ownership
    • 1.8.2 1.8.2 Changing permissions
  • 1.9 Processes
    • 1.9.1 Background processes
  
  
• 2. System Startup and Initialization
  • 2.1 Running the System
    • 2.1.1 Why you shouldn't be root.
  • 2.2 Booting the System
    • 2.2.1 Boot floppy
      • 2.2.1.1 mkbootdisk
    • 2.2.2 LILO
      • 2.2.2.1 What is lilo
      • 2.2.2.2 Booting Basics
      • 2.2.2.3 LILO in the MBR
      • 2.2.2.4 Bios Limitations
      • 2.2.2.5 The boot prompt
      • 2.2.2.6 Boot command-line options
    • 2.2.3 GRUB
      • 2.2.3.1 Introduction
    • 2.2.4 Specifying boot time options
    • 2.2.5 Single User Mode
  • 2.3 Starting the System
    • 2.3.1 System 5 init
      • 2.3.1.1 Inittab
      • 2.3.1.2 rc.sysinit
      • 2.3.1.3 /etc/init.d/functions
      • 2.3.1.4 Other scripts
      • 2.3.1.5 Managing runlevels - tools and references
      • 2.3.1.6 Packages and related docs
    • 2.3.2 Berkeley init
  • 2.4 Shutting Down the System
  
  
• 3. System Management
  • 3.1 Managing User Accounts
    • 3.1.1 The passwd File
    • 3.1.2 The group File
    • 3.1.3 Adding User Accounts
    • 3.1.4 Deleting and Disabling Accounts
    • 3.1.5 Modifying User Accounts
  • 3.2 Managing File Systems
    • 3.2.1 Filesystem Basics
    • 3.2.2 Filesystem Types
    • 3.2.3 Mounting Filesystems
      • 3.2.3.1 Terms
    • 3.2.4 Creating Filesystems
      • 3.2.4.1 Make a filesystem
    • 3.2.5 Checking and Repairing Filesystems
  • 3.3 Red Hat Control-Panel
    • 3.3.1 Runlevel Editor
  • 3.4 Printer Configuration
  • 3.5 Network Configuration
  • 3.6 Modem Configuration
  • 3.7 Kernel Daemon Configuration
  • 3.8 Search Help System
  
  
• 4. Package Management
  • 4.1 Red Hat Package Manager
    • 4.1.1 Installing and Upgrading Packages with RPM
    • 4.1.2 INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS
    • 4.1.3 Conflicting Files
    • 4.1.4 Unresolved Dependencies
    • 4.1.5 Removing Packages with RPM
    • 4.1.6 Querying with RPM
      • 4.1.6.1 OPTIONS for information on RPM's built in ftp support.
    • 4.1.7 Verifying with RPM
    • 4.1.8 Signature Checking RPMs
    • 4.1.9 Other RPM Options and Resources
  
  
• 5. System Configuration
  • 5.1 Webmin
  • 5.2 redhat-config
  
  
• 6. Upgrading Software and the Kernel
  • 6.1 Archive and Compression Utilities
    • 6.1.1 gzip, gunzip, zcat
    • 6.1.2 tar
      • 6.1.2.1 tar tricks
  • 6.2 Upgrading Software
  • 6.3 Upgrading Libraries
  • 6.4 Upgrading the Compiler
  • 6.5 Upgrading Other Software
  
  
• 7. Building a New Kernel
  • 7.1 Why Compile a Kernel?
  • 7.2 Obtaining Kernel Sources
  • 7.3 Loadable Kernel Modules
  • 7.4 Configuring for the compile
  • 7.5 Compiling the Kernel
  • 7.6 LILO
  
  
• 8. Other Administrative Tasks
  • 8.1 Making Backups
    • 8.1.1 Simple Backups
    • 8.1.2 Incremental Backups
  • 8.2 Scheduling Jobs Using Cron
    • 8.2.1 Modifying the system crontab
    • 8.2.2 Creating your personnel crontab file
  • 8.3 run-parts explained.
    • 8.3.1 The disection
  • 8.4 The at command
  • 8.5 Managing System Logs
  • 8.6 Managing Print Services
    • 8.6.1 Checking Printer Hardware
    • 8.6.2 Controlling Printer Services with lpc
    • 8.6.3 Printer Services Maintenance
    • 8.6.4 Printer System Troubleshooting
    • 8.6.5 Red Hat printtool
  • 8.7 What to Do in an Emergency
    • 8.7.1 Repairing Filesystems
    • 8.7.2 Accessing Damaged Files
    • 8.7.3 Restoring Files from Backup
  
  
• 9. Editors, Text Tools and Printing
  • 9.1 Editing with vi
    • 9.1.1 Basic editing
      • 9.1.1.1 Playing with files
  • 9.2 The Emacs Editor
  • 9.3 The Pico Editor
    • 9.3.1 What is Pico.
    • 9.3.2 What Pico is not.
    • 9.3.3 Starting Pico.
    • 9.3.4 More startup options.
    • 9.3.5 Other options.
    • 9.3.6 Help!
    • 9.3.7 Whats that stuff at the top of the screen?
    • 9.3.8 Whats that stuff at the bottom of the display?
    • 9.3.9 The Exit command, getting out of Pico
    • 9.3.10 Justifying text
    • 9.3.11 Inserting a file.
    • 9.3.12 Searching.
    • 9.3.13 Moving about.
    • 9.3.14 Previous Page.
    • 9.3.15 Next Page.
    • 9.3.16 Cursor Keys.
    • 9.3.17 Cut, Copy and Paste.
    • 9.3.18 Cutting Text.
    • 9.3.19 Uncutting Text.
    • 9.3.20 Marking Text.
    • 9.3.21 Where am I?
    • 9.3.22 Current position.
    • 9.3.23 Spell Checker.
  • 9.4 6.4 Jed
  • 9.5 6.5 Text and Document Processing
  • 9.6 6.6 Printing
  
  
• 10. The X Window System
  • 10.1 X Concepts
  • 10.2 Hardware Requirements
  • 10.3 Installing XFree86
  • 10.4 Configuring XFree86
  • 10.5 Xconfigurator
  • 10.6 XF86Setup
  • 10.7 xf86config
  • 10.8 Running XFree86
  • 10.9 Running Into Trouble
  • 10.10 Customizing Your X Environment
  • 10.11 Window Managers
    • 10.11.1 FVWM
    • 10.11.2 FVWM95
    • 10.11.3 AfterStep
    • 10.11.4 WindowMaker
    • 10.11.5 Enlightenment
    • 10.11.6 KDE
  
  
• 11. Books and Bibliography